There's no evidence that particle behavior in complicated systems is governed by different laws from such behavior in simple systems. The only difference we know about between the two systems is that in complicated systems, small changes in starting conditions can lead to big changes in outcome. It's not clear that this can be characterized as a difference in governing laws.

Not supported. The author believes we can't know the locations and trajectories of all particles for a significant time into the future. But the author might accept the possibility of knowing the locations of at least some particles for some time.

Supported by the fact that cells are discussed as an example of the kind of system complexity theory might be able to explain.

Actually, in linear systems, similar causes produce similar effects. So a change in a linear system's input wouldn't necessarily lead to dramatically different results; what matters is the magnitude of that change. It's also not clear that a result can be described as nonlinear. Systems or behavior can be linear or nonlinear; but the passage doesn't discuss results as having linearity or nonlinearity.

The author doesn't comment on the relation between "most" (over half) linear systems and environmental conditions.