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passage 1
P1
In France in the early 1790s, the French Revolution, which sought to establish universal individual rights in French society, inspired several arguments for women's rights. ███ ████ ██████████ ███████████ ██ ███████ ██ █████████ ███ ██████ ██ ███████ ████ ██████ ██████████ ██ ███ ███████████ ███ ██████████ ██████████ ███████ ████ ██████████ █████████ ███████ ███████ ██ ██████ ██ ███████████ ███ ████████ ██ ███████ ███████ ███
Intro to two arguments ·
Two opposing arguments both in favor of women’s rights
Condorcet / Gouges ·
Passive approach / active approach
Condorcet believes that women’s rights will be delivered as a consequence of universal equal rights. Gouges believes that political inequality is the basis of all injustice that women experience and direct political action is required.
P2
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Condorcet’s premise ·
Universal rights
Women’s rights is just a specific instance of universal rights and hence will be remedied along with all other forms of discrimination.
Condorcet’s conclusion ·
No political action required
Inequality is intellectually incoherent so political equality for women will naturally soon arrive.
P3
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Gouges’ argument ·
Women should be politically active
In contrast to Condorcet’s passive argument.
Gouges’ argument ·
Skeptical that universal rights will automatically reach women
For women, political inequality is the source of all other inequalities and activism is required.
Gouges’ argument ·
Specific inequalities that stem from political inequality
E.g., unequal marriage, property, and employment rights
Passage Style
4.
Which one of the following ████ ██████████ █████████ ███ ████████ ███████ ███████ ██ █████ ███ █████
a
to underscore the ████ ████ ██████ ███ █ █████████ ██ ███ ██████ ██████████
b
to indicate the ██████████ ██████ ████ ██ █████ █████ ██ ██████
c
to emphasize Gouges's █████ ████ █████████ █████ ██████ ██ █████ ████████ █ █████ ████████
d
to suggest Gouges's ███████ ██ █████ ███████ ████ ██████ ███
e
to stress Gouges's ██████ ████ ███ ██████████ █████████ ███ █████ ██ █████ ██████ ███ █████